GitHub ActionsにおけるYAML — パターンと落とし穴

name: CI Pipeline          # optional but shown in the Actions UI

on:                        # triggers
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:

jobs:                      # the actual work
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - run: npm ci && npm test

on:
  # Push to specific branches
  push:
    branches:
      - main
      - "release/**"       # glob pattern — quotes needed for /**
    paths-ignore:
      - "docs/**"
      - "*.md"

  # PRs targeting main
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]
    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]

  # Scheduled (cron syntax)
  schedule:
    - cron: "0 2 * * 1"   # every Monday at 2am UTC

  # Manual trigger with input
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      environment:
        description: "Target environment"
        required: true
        default: staging
        type: choice
        options: [staging, production]

steps:
  # Single line — works but hard to read
  - name: Build
    run: npm ci && npm run lint && npm run test && npm run build

  # Multi-line with literal block scalar — much better
  - name: Build
    run: |
      npm ci
      npm run lint
      npm run test -- --coverage
      npm run build

  # Folded scalar (>) joins lines with spaces — NOT what you want for shell
  # This would run as a single command with spaces where the newlines are:
  - name: Wrong for shell
    run: >
      npm ci
      npm test

env:
  NODE_ENV: production         # workflow-level env var
  API_VERSION: "2.1"          # quoted to force string type

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    env:
      DEPLOY_ENV: staging      # job-level env var (overrides workflow-level)

    steps:
      - name: Deploy to staging
        env:
          API_KEY: ${{ secrets.STAGING_API_KEY }}     # step-level, from secret
          DATABASE_URL: ${{ vars.STAGING_DB_URL }}    # step-level, from variable
        run: |
          echo "Deploying to $DEPLOY_ENV"
          ./scripts/deploy.sh

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false         # don't cancel other matrix jobs on failure
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
        node: ["18", "20", "22"]
        exclude:
          - os: windows-latest
            node: "18"         # skip this combination

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: ${{ matrix.node }}
      - run: npm ci && npm test

steps:
  - name: Run tests
    run: npm test

  - name: Upload coverage
    if: success() && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
    uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4

  - name: Notify on failure
    if: failure()
    uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v1
    with:
      slack-message: "Build failed on ${{ github.ref }}"
      channel-id: "C12345ABC"
    env:
      SLACK_BOT_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SLACK_BOT_TOKEN }}

  - name: Deploy (only on tag push)
    if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
    run: ./scripts/deploy.sh production

# .github/workflows/reusable-test.yml (the reusable workflow)
on:
  workflow_call:
    inputs:
      node-version:
        required: false
        type: string
        default: "20"
    secrets:
      NPM_TOKEN:
        required: true

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: ${{ inputs.node-version }}
      - run: npm ci && npm test
        env:
          NPM_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}

# .github/workflows/ci.yml (the caller)
on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  run-tests:
    uses: my-org/shared-workflows/.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml@main
    with:
      node-version: "22"
    secrets:
      NPM_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}